The rise of the biocyborg: synthetic biology, artificial chimerism and human enhancement

Applying technologies into the human body makes a hybrid human/machine: cyborg. We identified four types of cyborgs in literature: original cyborg, enhanced temporarily for space exploration, science-fiction “Haraway cyborg” used to critic dualisms and “everyday who became one by necessity, learns live with implanted technologies. propose this article fifth version: biocyborg. Such cyborg presents new kind hybridity that we named artificial chimerism, it leads multi-scale non-Darwinian evolution willingness become biocyborg is not only driven necessity but also desire be push physiological boundaries body. Becoming comes vulnerabilities as any embodied associated risk multi-level concerns species.